Chapter 01: The History of Health Care in Canada
Prepare for exams with the Test Bank for Health and Health Care Delivery in Canada, 3rd Edition by Thompson. Complete with up-to-date questions and answers, this essential resource for nursing students covers Canadian healthcare systems and policies. Ideal for mastering concepts and acing your 2024-2025 academic assessments.
Test Bank Thompson: Health and Health Care Delivery in Canada, 3rd Edition
MULTIPLE CHOICE
1. When and where was Canada’s first medical school established?
a. Saskatoon, in 1868
b. Ottawa, in 1867
c. Montreal, in 1825
d. Kingston, in 1855
ANS: C
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Feedback |
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A |
Incorrect: The first medical school was not established in Saskatoon in 1868. |
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B |
Incorrect: The first medical school was not established in Ottawa in 1867. |
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C |
Correct: The first medical school in Canada was established in 1825 in Montreal. |
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D |
Incorrect: The first medical school was not established in Kingston in 1855. |
PTS: 1
2. In 1834, William Kelly deduced which public health principle?
a. Vaccination can successfully eradicate smallpox.
b. Education is directly related to health.
c. Quarantine effectively contains infections.
d. Sanitation and disease are related.
ANS: D
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Feedback |
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A |
Incorrect: William Kelly did not deduce that smallpox could be eliminated with a vaccine. |
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B |
Incorrect: William Kelly did not deduce that education level was related to health. |
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C |
Incorrect: William Kelly did not introduce quarantine to contain disease. |
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D |
Correct: William Kelly suspected a relationship between sanitation and disease and deduced that water might be a source of contamination. |
PTS: 1
3. Which of the following volunteer organizations was involved in the evolution of health care in Canada?a. The Order of St. John
b. The Veterans Society
c. The St. Andrew’s Society
d. The Canadian Nurses Association
ANS: A
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Feedback |
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A |
Correct: The Order of St. John was introduced in Canada in 1883; the members had knowledge of first aid, disaster relief, and home nursing. |
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B |
Incorrect: The Veterans Society did not play a part in the evolution of health care in Canada. |
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C |
Incorrect: The St. Andrew’s Society did not play a part in the evolution of health care in Canada. |
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D |
Incorrect: The Canadian Nurses Association did not play a part in the early evolution of health care in Canada. |
PTS: 1
4. What did the Hospital Insurance and Diagnostic Services Act (1957) propose?
a. Provinces without a health insurance plan must pay additional federal tax.
b. Provinces and territories with a health insurance plan would receive substantial funding from the federal government.
c. Certain services would no longer be funded by the federal government.
d. Physicians would be allowed to charge a fee for service to the client.
ANS: B
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Feedback |
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A |
Incorrect: The Hospital Insurance and Diagnostic Services Act did not propose an increase in tax for provinces without a plan. |
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B |
Correct: Under the Hospital Insurance and Diagnostic Services Act (1957), provinces and territories with a health insurance plan would have funding matched by the federal government by 50 cents for every dollar. |
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C |
Incorrect: The Hospital Insurance and Diagnostic Services Act did not propose the removal of insured medical services. |
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D |
Incorrect: The Hospital Insurance and Diagnostic Services Act did not allow physicians to charge a fee for service. |
PTS: 1
5. What major change in political thinking occurred in post–World War II Canada in relation to health care?
a. Universities should educate more nurses.
b. The government should not be required to provide access to primary health care.
c. Individual families should be responsible for absorbing the cost of health care.
d. Governments should be responsible for providing basic services like health care.
ANS: D
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Feedback |
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A |
Incorrect: The need to educate more nurses was not part of post–World War II thinking in Canada. |
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B |
Incorrect: The lack of responsibility of the government to provide health care was not part of post–World War II thinking in Canada. |
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C |
Incorrect: The belief that families should bear the cost of health care was not part of the political thinking in post–World War II Canada. |
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D |
Correct: In post–World War II Canada, and in the aftermath of a depression, the thinking shifted to the idea that governments had an obligation to provide Canadians with a better standard of living, including access to quality health care. |
PTS: 1
6. What important act was passed by the government of Tommy Douglas in Saskatchewan in 1947?
a. The Hospital Insurance Act
b. The Medical Care Act
c. The Hospital Insurance and Diagnostic Services Act
d. The Canada Health Act ANS: A
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Feedback |
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A |
Correct: The Hospital Insurance Act was passed by the government of Saskatchewan, led by Tommy Douglas, in 1947. It guaranteed Saskatchewan residents hospital care in exchange for a modest insurance premium payment. |
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B |
Incorrect: The Medical Care Act was not passed in Saskatchewan in 1947. |
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C |
Incorrect: The Hospital Insurance and Diagnostic Services Act was not passed in Saskatchewan in 1947. |
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D |
Incorrect: The Canada Health Act was not passed in Saskatchewan in 1947. |
PTS: 1
7. What important recommendation was embodied in the Hall Report?
a. Individuals should take responsibility for some of their health care costs.
b. Preventive health measures would be a wise investment.
c. Extra billing should not be part of Canada’s health care system.
d. Provinces should retain full control as well as financial responsibility for health care.
ANS: C
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Feedback |
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A |
Incorrect: The Hall Report did not propose that individuals pay for some of their health care costs. |
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B |
Incorrect: The Hall Report did not propose that preventive health measures would be a wise investment. |
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C |
Correct: The Hall Report recommended an end to extra billing and suggested that, instead, doctors be allowed to operate entirely outside of the Medical Care Act. |
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D |
Incorrect: The Hall Report did not propose that provinces should retain all financial responsibility for health care. |
PTS: 1
8. Why did the Established Programs Financing (EPF) mechanism of funding become inadequate for health care?
a. The government imposed many corporate tax cuts.
b. Health care spending increased dramatically, causing provincial and territorial overspending.
c. The cost of education took up more dollars than had been anticipated.
d. The population of Canada increased much faster than was anticipated.
ANS: B
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Feedback |
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A |
Incorrect: Tax cuts did not cause the inadequacy of funding. |
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B |
Correct: In the few years following the introduction of the EPF Act, health care spending continued to increase dramatically, resulting in provincial and territorial overspending and necessitating cuts to health care. |
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C |
Incorrect: Education cost was not the reason for inadequate health care funds. |
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D |
Incorrect: The population increase was not the reason for inadequate funding of health care. |
PTS: 1
9. Which of the following is a main principle of the Canada Health Act?
a. Health insurance should cover 100% of dental care.
b. Health insurance should cover all medical services.
c. All residents of Canada should be provided with health care.
d. Eligible Canadians should receive accessible health care.
ANS: D
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Feedback |
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A |
Incorrect: Health insurance for dental care was not covered by the Canada Health Act. |
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B |
Incorrect: The Canada Health Act mandated insurance for all medically necessary services. |
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C |
Incorrect: The Canada Health Act sought to provide care for all eligible Canadians, not every person living here. |
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D |
Correct: One of the Canada Health Act’s goals was to provide accessible health care to eligible Canadians. |
PTS: 1
10. Which amendment to the Canada Health Act did the Romanow Report recommend?
a. Canadians should pay user fees when they access the health care system.
b. Funds for health care should be donated from private sources.
c. The criterion of accountability should be added.
d. Canadians in less accessible areas should pay a higher insurance premium.
ANS: C
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Feedback |
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A |
Incorrect: The Romanow Report did not recommend user fees. |
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B |
Incorrect: The Romanow Report did not recommend funding for health care from private sources. |
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C |
Correct: The Romanow Report recommended that the criterion of accountability should be added to the Canada Health Act. |
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D |
Incorrect: The Romanow Report did not recommend that rural Canadians pay higher insurance for health care. |
PTS: 1
11. What was the main intent of the India Act (1867)?
a. Registration of refugees from India.
b. Recognition of the ‘Shaman’ as a powerful healer.
c. Assimilation of Indigenous People.
d. Elimination of smallpox.
ANS: C
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Feedback |
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A |
Incorrect: Registration of refugees from India was not the main intent of The India Act. |
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B |
Incorrect: Recognition of the ‘Shaman’ as a powerful healer was not the intent of The India Act. |
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C |
Correct: The British North American Act (1867) and the India Act (1867) set the stage for assimilation of Indigenous People, applying numerous restrictions to their practices and way of life. |
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D |
Incorrect: The elimination of smallpox was not the intent of The India Act. |
PTS: 1
12. Which of the following countries is cited as having the largest number of refugees coming to Canada in 2016?a. Syria.
b. Afghanistan.
c. Congo.
d. Iraq. ANS: A
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Feedback |
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A |
Correct: The largest number of refugees came from Syria with over 33,000 new Canadians. |
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B |
Incorrect: The largest number of refugees in Canada did not come from Afghanistan. |
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C |
Incorrect: The largest number of refugees in Canada did not come from Congo. |
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D |
Incorrect: The largest number of refugees in Canada did not come from Iraq. |
PTS: 1
13. Oral history indicates that prior to contact with Europeans, Indigenous People suffered from which of the following illnesses?a. Diabetes and cancer.
b. Smallpox and measles.
c. Arthritis and jaw abscesses.
d. Addictions to drugs and alcohol.
ANS: C
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Feedback |
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A |
Incorrect: Oral history indicates that Indigenous People did not suffer from diabetes and cancer prior to contact with Europeans. |
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B |
Incorrect: Oral history indicates that Indigenous people did not suffer from smallpox and measles prior to contact with Europeans. |
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C |
Correct: Oral history indicates that Indigenous People suffered from arthritis and jaw abscesses prior to contact with Europeans. |
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D |
Incorrect: Oral history indicates that Indigenous People did not suffer from addictions to drugs and alcohol prior to contact with Europeans. |
PTS: 1
14. What does the Indigenous medicine wheel represent?
a. Body, mind, community and nature imbalances.
b. Medicine Man, Shaman, herbal healers, and life-givers.
c. Plants, herbs, roots, and fungi as treatments.
d. Spiritual, physical, cognitive and emotional parts of a person.
ANS: D
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Feedback |
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A |
Incorrect: The medicine wheel does not represent body, mind, community and nature imbalances. |
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B |
Incorrect: The medicine wheel does not represent the Medicine Man, Shaman, herbal healers, and life-givers. |
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C |
Incorrect: The medicine wheel does not represent plants, herbs, roots, and fungi as treatments. |
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D |
Correct: The medicine wheel represents four parts of a person – spiritual, physical, cognitive, and emotional. |
PTS: 1
15. Segregated hospitals for Indigenous People operated with little regard for traditional healing practices or Indigenous culture.
What disease initially lead to the establishment of segregated hospitals for Indigenous People? a. smallpox.
b. tuberculosis.
c. influenza.
d. whooping cough.
ANS: B
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Feedback |
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A |
Incorrect: The Segregated hospitals for Indigenous People were not initially established to segregate Indigenous People with smallpox. |
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B |
Correct: The Segregated hospitals for Indigenous People were initially established to segregate Indigenous People with tuberculosis. |
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C |
Incorrect: The Segregated hospitals for Indigenous People were not initially established to segregate Indigenous People with influenza. |
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D |
Incorrect: The Segregated hospitals for Indigenous People were not initially established to segregate Indigenous People with whooping cough. |
PTS: 1
16. Which organization is part of a worldwide humanitarian network providing emergency aid and disaster relief at home and abroad?
a. The Order of St. John.
b. Canadian Blood Services.
c. Victorian Order of Nurses.
d. Canadian Red Cross.
ANS: D
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Feedback |
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A |
Incorrect: The Order of St. John is not part of a worldwide humanitarian network providing emergency aid and disaster relief at home and abroad. |
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B |
Incorrect: The Canadian Blood Services are not part of a worldwide humanitarian network providing emergency aid and disaster relief at home and abroad. |
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C |
Incorrect: The Victorian Order of Nurses is not part of a worldwide humanitarian network providing emergency aid and disaster relief at home and abroad. |
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D |
Correct: The Canadian Red Cross remains part of a worldwide humanitarian network providing emergency aid and disaster relief at home and abroad. |
PTS: 1
17. At what level is the entry to practice for Registered Nurses in Canada (except Quebec). a. Baccalaureate.
b. Diploma.
c. Graduate.
d. Certificate.
ANS: A
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Feedback |
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A |
Correct: The level of entry to practice for Registered Nurses in Canada (except Quebec) is a baccalaureate degree. |
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B |
Incorrect: The level of entry to practice for Registered Nurses in Canada (except Quebec) is not a diploma. |
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C |
Incorrect: The level of entry to practice for Registered Nurses in Canada (except Quebec) is not a graduate degree. |
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D |
Incorrect: The level of entry to practice for Registered Nurses in Canada (except Quebec) is not a certificate. |
PTS: 1
18. When and where did Canada’s last residential school close?
a. Saskatchewan, in 1996.
b. Manitoba, in 1931.
c. Saskatchewan, in 1968.
d. Manitoba, in 1986.
ANS: A
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Feedback |
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A |
Correct: Canada’s last residential school closed in Saskatchewan in 1996. |
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B |
Incorrect: Canada’s last residential school did not close in Manitoba in 1931. |
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C |
Incorrect: Canada’s last residential school did not close in Saskatchewan in 1968. |
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D |
Incorrect: Canada’s last residential school did not close in Manitoba in 1986. |
PTS: 1
19. Priorities identified in the Advancing the Mental Health Strategy for Canada: A Framework for Action (2017-2022) include strategies for which of the following? a. Management of health records.
b. The opioid crisis.
c. Access to psychiatrists.
d. Health promotion.
ANS: B
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Feedback |
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A |
Incorrect: Priorities identified in the Advancing the Mental Health Strategy for Canada: A Framework for Action (2017-2022) do not include strategies for management of health records. |
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B |
Correct: Priorities identified in the Advancing the Mental Health Strategy for Canada: A Framework for Action (2017-2022) include strategies to cope with the opioid crises exploding across the country. |
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C |
Incorrect: Priorities identified in the Advancing the Mental Health Strategy for Canada: A Framework for Action (2017-2022) do not include strategies for addressing access to psychiatrists. |
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D |
Incorrect: Priorities identified in the Advancing the Mental Health Strategy for Canada: A Framework for Action (2017-2022) do not include strategies for health promotion. |
PTS: 1
20. In 2016, the federal minister of health met with first ministers to initiate talks on a new Canadian Health Accord. What was the outcome?
a. No deal has been reached and negotiations are ongoing.
b. To continue with the 2014 Accord.
c. Each province and territory negotiated their own terms of agreement.
d. All jurisdictions eventually accepted the initial offer.
ANS: C
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Feedback |
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A |
Incorrect: The outcome of the talks on the new Canadian Health Accord was not that no deal was reached and negotiations are ongoing. |
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B |
Incorrect: The outcome of the talks on the new Canadian Health Accord was not to continue with the 2014 Accord. |
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C |
Correct: The outcome of the talks on the new Canadian Health Accord was that each province and territory negotiated their own terms of agreement. |
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D |
Incorrect: The outcome of the talks on the new Canadian Health Accord was not that all jurisdictions eventually accepted the initial offer. |
PTS: 1
1. Which of the following are criteria used by Health Canada to measure health a. Quality of life longevity and perception of health status b. Longevity lifestyle and effective use of the public health care system c. Activity level longevity and nutritional status d. Education level longevity and proper medication use ANS B Feedback A Incorrect Quality of life and medication use are not the criteria stated by Health Canada. B Correct Longevity lifestyle and effective use of the public health care system are the criteria of health used in Health Canadas mission statement. C Incorrect Although activity level and nutritional status are implicated in health they are not in the Health Canada definition. D Incorrect Education level and medication use are not the criteria stated by Health Canada.
2. What is the federal governments responsibility in relation to health care in Canada a. To administer a national drug insurance plan b. To recruit medical personnel c. To provide financial support d. To administer a federal health insurance plan ANS C Feedback A Incorrect The federal government does not administer a drug insurance plan. B Incorrect The federal government does not recruit personnel. C Correct The primary responsibility of the federal government is to provide financial support to the provinces for health care. D Incorrect The federal government does not administer a health insurance plan.
3. What is the primary function of the Canadian Institute of Health Research CIHR a. Directing and funding research b. Reviewing international research c. Setting ethical guidelines for research d. Obtaining funding for research from private companies
Chapter 06: Essentials of Population Health in Canada
1. What is the aim of a population health approach?
➢ To focus on improving the health status of a targeted group.
2. Name one aspect of public health that differs from population health.
➢ Public health focuses on the implementation of health promotion initiatives.
3. On what principle did the Public Health Agency of Canada (PHAC) identify determinants of health?
➢ Health is influenced by the interaction of multiple determinants.
4. Which of the following are determinants of health?
➢ Income, education, gender, and physical environment
5. Which report was first in being instrumental in the development of population health in
Canada?
➢ The Lalonde Report
6. Which of the following agencies takes the lead role in Canada's population health approach?
➢ Public Health Agency of Canada (PHAC)
7. What type of care did the Declaration of Alma-Ata put particular emphasis on?
➢ Primary health care
8. Why has the Public Health Agency of Canada (PHAC) developed a template for implementing population health?
➢ To facilitate the population health process
9. According to Statistics Canada (2017) which of the following statements is true?
➢ The percentage of Canadians living in poverty is just below fifteen percent.
10. What has been a significant contributing factor to Canada's ageing population?
➢ Post-World War II baby boom.
11. What research data is used in evidence-informed decision-making?
➢ Qualitative and quantitative
12. What are three factors considered in determining the Socioeconomic Status (SES) of a group or individual?
➢ Education, occupation, income
13. What was one of five principles to emerge from the Ottawa Charter for Health Promotion in 1986?
➢ Individuals need to assume responsibility for their own health.
14. What is generally found to be the relationship between socioeconomic status and health?
➢ Those living in the highest socioeconomic bracket enjoy the highest level of health.
15. Which 1996 report was the first to officially recognize and incorporate the determinants of health into its findings and recommendations
➢ Report on the Health of Canadians
16. The introduction of the Gardasil vaccine that prevents infection of certain types of the human papillomavirus (HPV) is an example of what type of investment?
➢ Upstream
17. Which of the following is considered to be the most important determinant of health?
➢ Income and social status
18. Which of the following lists best describes attributes of culture?
➢ Behaviours, values, attitudes
19. Which key elements of the public health agency of Canada (PHAC) template are considered particularly important as they reflect the very definition of population health?
➢ Focusing on the health of populations and addressing the determinants of health and their interactions
20. which of the following lists best describes a person’s ethnicity?
➢ Race, origin, language
Chapter 07: Health and the Individual
1. Which of the following is the most current definition of wellness?
➢ The way an individual feels about his or her health and quality of life
2. Historically, health was described as the absence of disease. How did the World
HealthOrganization (WHO) defines health in 1948?
➢ As being multidimensional
3. Which of the following lists incorporates three holistic elements of wellness?
➢ Physical, emotional, intellectual
4. What does wellness refer to?
➢ Relating effectively to others
5. A personal support worker is asked by his patient what an exacerbation of his disease means. Which of the following is the correct response?
➢ The patient is showing a worsening of the signs of his disease.
6. How is the model of health described?
➢ It is a model that considers all parts of the person.
7. Which of the following are examples of self-imposed risk behaviors?
➢ Smoking, sexual promiscuity, sedentary lifestyle
8. Compensation lies at the center of the health illness continuum. What does this mean?
➢ The client is neither in an optimal nor poor health state but is able to continue with life activities.
9. What behaviour might be observed during the acknowledgement stage of illness?
➢ The individual is unable to ignore his or her symptoms and seeks help.
10. Which of the following is a definition of sick role behavior?
➢ A persons response to disease or illness
11. What term best describes a symptom-free period of a long-term disease?
➢ Remission
12. What is a criticism of the medical model?
➢ The scope is too narrow
13. Which of the following is a health model that considers the mental, physical, cultural, and spiritual well-being of an individual and the entire community?
➢ Indigenous holistic theory for health
14. Which of the following is the correct order of steps in the trans theoretical model of health behavior
➢ Contemplation, maintenance, termination
15. Which of the following is the leading cause of cancer-related deaths in both males and females?
➢ Lung cancer
16. Which of the following describes a disease that occurs when there is a blockage of blood flow leading to the brain?
➢ Cerebrovascular disease
17. Which of the following are considered primary risk factors for the development of cardiovascular disease?
➢ Inactivity, smoking and high cholesterol
18. What statistic is often used as a measure of the effectiveness of a country’s health care system?
➢ Infant mortality rate
19. Over the past several decades, how has the infant mortality rate in Canada changed?
➢ Decreased, more slowly than other developed nations
20. What behaviour might be observed during the transitional phase stage of illness?
➢ The individual receives a diagnosis and seeks a second opinion
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